Дилижан —
туры в
Армению с компанией Апага-Тур |
Dilizhan is a
Tours of Armenia with the
company Apaga-Tur, 2006 |
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| Дилижан: Историческая справка Точное время основания города неизвестно, однако упоминания о нём встречаются в различных документах первой половины XIX века, когда Дилижан стал развиваться как курорт, привлекая сюда людей, страдающих заболеваниями лёгких. |
Dilijan:
Historical information The exact time of the founding of the city is unknown, but references to it are found in various documents in the first half of the 1800s, when Dilijan was developing as a health resort, attracting people here suffering from lung diseases. [Dilijan is now in southwest Tavoosh [Tavush] province, Republilc of Armenia. Armenian spelling: Dilijan, Russian: Dilizhan. See 12 photos in and near Dilijan and a satellite image. See Dilijan city outline on satellite image.] |
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 Molokans and Jumpers liove mostly along the west and south roads with 4 congregations. |
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| В начале ХIХ века Россией началось освоение Закавказья, территорию которого занимали земли Грузинского царства, множество мусульманских ханств вассальных Персии, а также несколько регионов Восточной Армении, находившихся под игом Турции. | In the beginning of
the 1800s,
Russia began development of Transcaucasia,
territory which was occupied by the Georgian
empire, numerous Muslim khanate* vassals of
Persia [now Azerbaijan and Iran],
and also several regions of
Eastern
Armenia which were under the control of Turkey. [* A khanate is a state under the rule of a khan, a muslim ruler.] |
|
Caucasus
in the first half of the 1800s
 |
|
Первый поход Русских войск на
Эривань состоялся в 1804 году, а второй — в 1808 году. И лишь третий
поход в 1827 году увенчался успехом. Некоторые крупные регионы
Восточной Армении были присоединены к России. |
The first campaign of Russian armies in Erevan [Yerevan] province took place in 1804, and the second in 1808. And, only the third campaign in 1827 was crowned a success. Some large regions of Eastern Armenia were attached to Russia. [Today the Transcaucasus, or South Caucasus, is 3 countries: Georgia, Azerbaidjan and Armenia. In the 1800s the Transcaucasus were 7 provinces. Today's Georgia was Tiflis, Kutais, and Abkhazia provinces. Azerbaidjan was Baku and most of Elizavetpol' province. And, today's Armenia was Erivan, southern Tiflis, and eastern Kars province. See map of the Russian Empire Caucasus, 1882, map on left, and map of 19th Century Doukhobor Settlements in the Caucasus.] |
| Было решено на присоединённых землях создать русские поселения, жители которых могли бы со оружием в руках защищая своё имущество, помогать в освоении края. | To help develope the border
territory, it was decided to create Russian
settlements on the
annexed land such that the new Russian settlers would be able to
protect their properties with weapons. [Used military rifles were given to
Molokans, Jumpers and Doukhobors to defend their villages, which was
cheaper
than the military providing security. For much more about Molokans,
Doukhobors, and Subbotniki
moving to the Caucasus, see Dr. Breyfogle's PhD thesis and
book. Also see: Caucasus
Roads: Where Molokans traveled in the 1800s] |
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|
 Дилижан, Виды Кавказа Dilizhan, View of the Caucasus |
 Дилижан, радиотехникум Dilizhan, radio-technical school |
| Это давало возможность сократить численность оккупационной армии. Одновременно это давало возможность решить вопрос удаления из России “особо вредных сект” и изоляции от них православного населения. И уже в 1831 году в Карабахской провинции возникло первое поселение духоборов из донских казаков. Через год в Нахичеванской губернии появилось первое молоканское село Базарчай. | This allowed for a reduction in
the numbers of
the occupational army. Simultaneously it allowed for a solution to the
problem
of removing the "especially harmful sects” [Molokans, Doukhobors,
Subbotniki, Khysty] from Russia, and
isolating them from the Orthodox population. And in 1831, the first
settlement of Don Cossack Doukhobors appeared in Karabakh
province [renamed Elizavetpol'
province in, now ]. A year later the
first Molokan [Jumpers?]
village, Bazarchai,
appeared in
Nakhichevan
province [Gandzhinskoe
khanate, later Elizavetpol', now
the Republic of Armenia; ~ 75 miles southeast of
Erevan city. Dr. Breyfolge
states the first Molokan settlements in the Caucasus were in what is
now south
Azerbaijan, formerly Baku province, in the Plain of Morgan.] |
| Русских стали расселять на магистральных направлениях, имеющих стратегическое значение для России. Одна волна селилась по трассе, которая затем стала основным торговым путём между Россией и Персией: Тифлис — Елизаветполь (Ганджа) — Казах — Дилижан — Еленовка (Севан) — Ахта (Раздан). | Russians began to settle in the
main magistrates having strategic value
for Russia. One immigration wave settled on a main road which then
became
the core
trading route between Russia and Persia [Iran]: Tiflis — Elinzavetpol'
(Gandzha) — Kazakh [Qazak] — Dilizhan [Also spelled: Dilijan] —
Yelenovka (Sevan) — Akhta (Razdan [Also:
Hrazdan]). [See
resettlement route map, brown
line.] |
| Другая волна расселялась по другой стратегически важной трассе следования русских войск на Турцию: Тифлис — Александраполь (Гюмри) — Карс — Эрзрум. Здесь помимо сектантских создавались православные сёла из числа военнослужащих и казаков. | The other immigration wave was settled on another strategically important main road following the Russian armies into Turkey: Tiflis — Aleksandropol' (Giumri) — Kars — Yezrum. [See resettlement route map, green line.] Besides the sectarian villages here, Orthodox villages of [Russian] military men and Cossacks were built. |
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Map showing all villages in this article. The regions were renamed during Soviet times, see Former Regions within Present Provinces in Armenia. |
| Получается, что Дилижан — одна из стратегически важных точек. В середине 1840-ых годов рядом с селом Дилижан поселились староверы [молокане], выселенные из Российских губерний, которые создали сёла Головино и Слободка (Новый Дилижан, Папанино). | It turns out that Dilizhan is one of the strategically important points. In the mid-1840s, Old Believers [Error:: Molokans] moved from Russian provinces, settled next to Dilizhan village and created the villages of Golovino (New Dilizhan) and Slobodka (Papanino) [Now suburbs of Dilizhan, see village map above]. |
| Русские селились, главным
образом, в местах, природно-климатические условия которых, были
схожи с теми, которые они оставили в России. В 1835 году появилось
молоканское поселение Еленовка (Севан), в 1842 году — Никитино
(Фиолетово), в 1849 году — Воронцовка (Ташир), в 1847 году —
Воскресенка (Лермонтово) и другие. |
Russians settled mainly in
places where the natural climatic
conditions
were similar to what they had in Russia. Molokan [and Jumper]
settlements appeared —
Elenovka (Sevan) in 1835, Nikitino (Fioletovo*) in 1842, Vorontsovka
(Tashir) in 1849, Voskresenovka**
(Lermontovo) in 1847 [see village
map above], and in other places. [* Today Fioletovo is mostly inhabited by Molokans and Jumpers-S&L-users — 4 congregations. On both sides are congregations in Lermontovo and 4 in Dilizhan and Papanin. 5-7 congregations exist in Erevan. The northern villages have all been vacated by Molokans adn Jumpers. A Subbotnik congregation still exists in Sevan.] [** See village photo in Caucasus Roads: Where Molokans traveled in the 1800s] |
| Русские принесли на Кавказ картофель, способствовали развитию в крае огородничества. До сих пор лучшую капусту, морковь, свеклу можно купить у молокан. Это одна из самых работящих общин Дилижана. Прибывшие, в свою очередь, многому научились у коренных жителей. Взаимная помощь создала мост дружбы между армянами и молоканами, но при этом, каждый из народов сохранил свои традиции, обычаи. Молоканы — староверы, армяне — христиане, но это не мешает нашему общению. Некоторые молоканские поселения слились с Дилижаном, став его частью. | The Russians brought potatos to
the Caucasus, and promoted the development of truck farming [growing
vegetables] in
the border territory. Until now the best
cabbage, carrots, beets
can be bought from Molokans [and Jumpers]. These Molokans [and Jumpers]
are one of the most
hard-working communities in Dilizhan. On the other hand, new-comers
learned a lot from the natives. Mutual aid created a bridge of
friendship
between Armenians and Molokans [and Jumpers], but each nationality has
kept their own
traditions and customs. Molokans [and Jumpers] are an old faith*, and Armenians are
Christians, but it does not keep them from communication. Some Molokan
[and Jumpers]
settlements have merged with Dilizhan,
becoming part of it. [*Literally: Old Believers. Many journalists in Armenia seem to either confuse sectarians with Old Ritualist Orthodox, or think that Molokans are an old not-so-Christian faith as the Orthodox Armenian Chruch.] |
| Лилит Чибухчян — 2006 год, Дилижан | Lilit Chibukhchian — 2006, Dilizhan |
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| Molokans and Jumpers in
Armenia Molokans and Jumpers Around the World |
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